High courts are the types of courts which are instituted as the courts powered by constitution with the effect of Article 214 Part IV Chapter V of the Indian Constitution. The Federal Court System, the Judicial Branch in United States is directed by US Supreme Court. The government may be involved in civil litigation if it stands in the same relation to a private party as another individual might stand. Civil courts (not to be confused with the civil-law legal system) deal with “private” controversies, particularly disputes that arise between individuals or between private businesses or institutions (e.g., a disagreement over the terms of a contract or over who shall bear responsibility for an automobile accident). All courts in England and Wales are designed to deliver justice using a number of different courts: County Court; Magistrates' Court; Crown Court; Royal Courts of Justice; Youth Court; The Supreme Court THE SUPREME COURT OF NIGERIA; The Supreme Court is the first type of court in Nigeria and the highest Nigerian Court. Apart from these, ninety-four districts, twelve regional circuits and numerous supporting agencies are also part of Federal Court System. Judges in this system have an independent responsibility to discover the facts. In Criminal Courts the state prosecutes people for breaking the law. If a government postal truck hits a pedestrian, for example, the government might be sued civilly by the injured person; or if the government contracted to purchase supplies that turned out to be defective, it might sue the dealer for damages in a civil court. The public is represented by an official such as a district attorney (often called a prosecutor), procurator, or police officer. A person who breaks his contract with another or who causes him a physical injury through negligence may have committed no crime (i.e., no offense against the public has been committed) but only a civil wrong for which he may not be prosecuted criminally by the public. U.S. Tax Court Basic distinctions must be made between criminal and civil courts, between courts of general jurisdiction and those of limited jurisdiction, and between appellate and trial courts. Write. The second type of cases that a federal court has the authority to hear is the one that come under the section of US Constitution, laws of the United States, and the pacts prepared under the US authorities. Here is an outline of the different Courts and Tribunals you may come across in Australia. Types of courts. Then, next comes the intermediate appellate courts which conduct the hearing for the cases either in which law was sustained by the trial courts or the laws were obeyed in search of it, e.g. Learn more. Protocols for how courts will operate during COVID-19 are on the Courts of New Zealand website Read the Chief Justice's media statement dated 6 October 2020 regarding arrangements for Courts of New Zealand Each Court and Tribunal has its own special function and deals with distinct matters at both federal and state levels. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Where a court case is held depends on the Type of Criminal Case, where you live and how old you are.There are Criminal, City, District, Supreme, County, Town, Village and Appeals Courts. Terms in this set (10) State Supreme Court. During the last third of the 20th century, however, the death penalty began to disappear from many criminal codes throughout the world; nonetheless, it remains in effect and is imposed widely in several countries, including the United States, Iran, and China. This article is an attempt to give you a brief account about the court systems and its types. Children Court. This court “sits” (holds court) at least twice a year in each county of the state. It is important to note here that different states have their own particular court systems which cannot be applied to other states or territories. Appeals from the Crown Court will go to the High Court, and … It is assumed that the courts of limited jurisdiction are formed with a view to ease off the case burdens in favor of general courts. In the busiest counties, several sessions may be held concurrently each week. Britannica now has a site just for parents! There are lots of different courts in New Zealand. A state's highest court which typically decides matters of law appealed from lower courts. Superior courts hear cases involving felony crimes, civil cases involving $25,000 or more, and appeals from district courts. 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